问：你的专业技能如何成为你宝贵的财富？
答：尽管我从未想过要当作家或出版商，但我在市场推广部的大量工作都要靠良好的写作技巧和富有创意的设计才能。大学时在报社的兼职工作让我学会许多出版方面的知识，如何排版和如何写最有影响力的短句等技巧。市场推广方面的工作使我必须向图形设计师说明我的目标，以避免大量的复查工作。
描述你如何用专业技能解决问题。举个具体的例子，说明相同的技能怎样才能在不同情况或在你负责的工作中变得实用。如果你被聘用，在什么样的环境下你会发挥得最好。
Q:How have your technical skills been an asset?
A:Although I never planned on a career as a writer or publisher,much of my job in marketing has depended on good writing and creative layout skills.My parttime college job with a newspaper taught me a lot about desktop publishing,how to position something on a page effectively,and how to write short sentences with maximum impact.In all of my marketing jobs,Ive been able to explain my goals clearly to graphic designers,which has helped me avoid costly design revisions.
问：描述你运用专业技能解决问题的情形。
答：在运送部件到达目的地时总是出现裂痕。我用原料学方面的知识判断这与航运期间的存放温度有关，尽管我们的仪器都安全地存放在两端封闭的地方，但在到达目的地之前，仪器要放在无空调设备的船舱里30个小时。现在我们用另一家航运公司运送货物，我们用贴在货物上的标签显示极高或极低温度都是不允许的。
迅速向面试官说明问题，然后集中在你的专业技能如何帮你解决问题。你采取了什么行动?取得什么效果？
Q:Describe a situation in which youve applied technical skills to solve a problem.
A:One of our components kept arriving at distribution points with stress cracks.My materialsscience background helped me to diagnose the problem as one of storage temperature during shipping.Although our equipment was safely stored at both end points,it had been sitting in unairconditioned cargo space for up to thirty hours before reaching its destination. We’re now using a different shipping company,and we’ve improved our labeling on large shipments to reflect the users warning about temperature extremes.
问：你的专业技巧和其他技巧结合起来如何能提高工作效率？
答：良好的经济学知识和电脑销售经验，为我提供了综合的技能并使我能在电脑行业方面从事金融调查工作。我的大部分熟人和他们的兴趣都与高新科技有关，因此很自然我有好奇心，而这有助我与行业的变革同步前进。
这个问题给你一次推销你自己的机会，即为何你独特的复合技能奏效？举出一两个例子说明你常被要求去处理的事项。
Q:How do your technical skills,combined with other skills,add to your effectiveness on the job?
A:My strong economics background,along with my computersales experience,provide a balanced set of skills to perform financial research on the computer industry.
Most of my contacts and hobbies are also related to high tech,so I offer a natural curiosity that helps me stay abreast of changes in the industry.
问：描述你如何运用解决问题的步骤。
答：一次我们接待了几个客人，他们被安排在地区周围免费的酒店住宿。我建议成立一个电脑小组建立一个预告系统，顾客的名字与先前的不满记录或免费服务相对应。现在，当顾客登记入住时，我们输入名字，就马上知道这个顾客在我们的任意一家酒店中有过不愉快的经历。我们小心地对待这位顾客，承认我们意识到问题所在，并承诺尽可能地向他们提供完美的服务。这一做法既预防了那些想欺诈的顾客，又告诫了我们职员要特别小心对待那些再次光顾我们酒店的顾客。我们酒店的满意率提升了，欺诈事例减少了。
向面试官说明你如何一步步解决问题，如何做到圆满的成功。你用什么措施或准则来控制解决问题的步骤？结果如何？
Q:Describe how youve used a problemsolving process.
A:We once had several customers who’d arranged numerous free hotel stays around the country using our 100 percent atisfaction guarantee.I suggested leading a PC task force to set up a warning system that flags any guest name corresponding to a revious reported complaint or free service.Now when a guest checks in and we type in a name,we know immediately that the person has had an unpleasant experience at one of our hotels.We proactively approach the guest,acknowledge were aware of the problem,and offer our commitment to do everything possible to provide them with impeccable service.This practice warns the potentially fraudulent guest;at the same time,it warns our staff to be especially careful with any guest whos giving our hotel a second chance.Our satisfaction rate has improved,and fraudulent cases have decreased.
问：你怎样着手处理问题？
答：当要处理问题的时候，我通常会尽可能把所想到问题的原因写下来。 然后找出原因之间的关系，以此来归纳主要问题的共同特征。通常，研究完这些问题后，真正的原因就显而易见了。
面试官除了想知道你取得的成果外，还想知道你解决问题所用的逻辑。你办事果断吗？你如何缩小选择范围来作出抉择？别人如何评价你的推理技巧？他们会用什么样的例子来说明你具备有效的决策方式呢？
Q:How do you usually go about solving a problem?
A:When I need to solve a problem,I generally start by writing down as many ideas as I can think of about possible causes.Next I look for relationships among causes so I can group together symptoms of bigger problems.Usually,after I study these groups of problems,the real cause becomes readily apparent.
问：你如何衡量你工作中的成功？
答：我凭顾客的反映来衡量。顾客打电话向我推荐新客户时，我知道他们觉得与我合作愉快。但我认为拉住老客户比赢得新客户更令我感到满足。人们有尝试新公司的趋向，因为那类新公司拥有良好的声誉或产品，但顾客再次光顾是出于他们信任已建立起的合作关系。
你要依据什么样的结果或证据评估工作的成功？哪类反馈或奖赏制度对你重要？面试官想证实这些要求能在工作中得到满足。
Q:How do you measure the success of your work?
A:I measure reactions of customers.When my customers call me with a referral,I know theyre happy.And I have to say that repeat business to me is more satisfying than winning a new account.People have a tendency to try a new company because of that companys reputation or product,but they come back because of the relationship theyve learned to trust.
问：你做事切合实际吗？
答：通常我能找出潜在的问题，即使问题并不显眼。我想起一位投资银行家，他听过我们的金融不动产课程，并问我们为什么东京投资集团难以吸引当地投资。许多工商管理硕士尝试从一系列复杂的原因去思考，但我认为这与迅速摆脱市场不利因素有关，是非流动性投资引发的问题。我是说，如果主要投资当地不动产且通货膨胀已经使货币价远高于黑市价，投资者会感到不稳定，这样一来，结束投资就成为投资者的首选了。
向面试官举例说明你用过的实际可行的方法。怎样才算是简单明了且又是最佳的解决方法？其他人忽略了明显的问题吗？在这个事例中，你要更多地显示出常识性技能而非专业技能。
Q:How practical or pragmatic are you?
A:I can usually pick up on an underlying problem,even of its not too obvious.I recall an investment banker who visited our realestatefinance class and asked us what might cause the Tokyo investment community a problem in attracting local investment dollars.A number of finance M.B.A.s in the class started trying to think of some complicated set of reasons.I decided it would have to do with getting out of a bad market quickly,and that a nonliquid investment would create problems.I said investors would be unsettled if the primary investment is local real setate and inflation has caused the paper value to exaggerate the real street value.As it ended up,that was the answer he wanted.
问：你如何把握对事实和对直觉的判断？
答：事实确实重要，但人们通常忽略了时效的影响，特别是在做市场调查时。在一次调查中，我对涉及到的价格数据感到不对头，我怀疑顾客是否会像调查所示的那样花大量的金钱购买新车。因此，我们停下来并等候最后一季的价格结构。当利率攀升时，我们卖出了更多的车，而我们的对手却只能等待。
描述你曾靠直觉来处理问题，那类问题如果按照事实或常规步骤来处理的话，将会处理得一团糟。说明你具备突破常规去解决问题的能力。
Q:How do you balance your reliance on facts with your reliance on intuition?
A:Facts are important but often neglect pointb intime influences,especially with market research.One survey that I was uncomfortable with involved pricing data that was collected just after a major presidential election.The timing caused me to doubt that consumers would really spend as much as the survey indicated they would for new cars.So we ended up holding on to the last quarters pricing structure.We sold more cars while,as interest rates climbed,some of our competitors had expensive inventory carryover.
问：在你上一份工作中最大的困难是什么？
答：我要让对电脑一窍不通的老雇员接受电子邮件系统。首先，我说明了减少用纸的要求；然后，我决定建立一个临时的电子邮件账户，这个系统设有每日一谜，谁要是答对了就把谁的名字记在该周的图表上。每周图表上有名字的职员可以到当地一家很不错的餐馆享用四人套餐。这个方法就如一个很好的设计方案一样促使大家使用电子邮件系统。
面试官想了解应试者在他上一份工作中改进的地方。如果你被问到这类问题，不要只是抱怨而不说明解决方案。不要仅仅指出问题，更要证明你有能力提出解决方案。
Q:What was your greatest problem in your last job?
A:I had to get longtime employees with few or no computer skills to embrace a new email system.I started by explaining the need for less paper in everyones job.Then I decided to create a temporary email account with one daily riddle on the system;everyone who responded correctly got their name put in a weekly drawing.Each week for one month a person from the drawing got dinner for four at a nice local restaurant.This approach went over well as a device to get people to use the system.
问：谈谈你没有预料到的问题？
答：我的上司要我解决正在执行的时间表的问题。我没有意识到在这些问题下工作的人会把我当成敌人。当我意识到的时候，我已做了一部分基础工作了。如果我先问一下他们的想法，我就能早一点让他们支持我的做法。
这个问题要求你谦逊，但也使你能从这件事情得到教训。你还明白了什么？这次经历如何使你的判断力得以提高？
Q:Tell me about a problem that you failed to anticipate.
A:My boss asked me to solve an ongoing scheduling problem.I failed to realize that the person who had lived with the problem would see me as an antagonist.By the time I realized it,Id already done some of the groundwork.If I’d started by asking for the persons opinion,I would have been able to get him on my side early on.
问：你解决过长期存在的问题吗？
答：以往，我们一批一批地向顾客发传真件，有时每小时多达10份。所以有的客户对此感到不满。我设置了客户自助服务的租赁传真机系统，这让职员有更多时间处理传入的文件、保存信息，直到他们能亲自找到特定的顾客。
告诉面试官你在工作环境中或其他机构中所战胜的难题。面对困难你如何克服或智胜？
结果如何？什么促使你着手处理问题？
Q:Have you ever resolved a longstanding problem?
A:We used to batch our guests personal faxes sometimes as many as ten outgoing fax requests per hourto put less strain on our administrative staff.We had guests who werent happy about that.I arranged a lease deal on an outgoing fax machine for guest selfserve access.This freed up more time for staff,and they were able to maintain control of incoming axes,protecting incoming information until they could locate the appropriate guest in person.
问：描述一次你认为有必要作出不受欢迎决定的情形。
答：我制定规章禁止携带食品进入工作区，包括私人办公室，为了安全起见，工人不能带食物靠近昂贵的精密仪器。现在这已被遗忘了，但那段时期许多监管员对我生气。我认为这件事很重要而且解决方法也和其他新条例一样要坚续下去，如废除给高级职员分配车位的做法等。到目前为止，我们还能不断改进，使公司团结一致。
有时候重要的、长期的成果只需作出短期努力就能获得。这样的问题用来考察应试者对带有长期成果的重大价值作出判断的能力，如果你被问及这样的问题务必给出具体的例子。
Q:Describe a time you found it necessary to make an unpopular decision.
A:I had to start a policy of no food in work areas,including private offices,because the production workers were unhappy with the inequity.For safety reasons workers couldnt have food anywhere near expensive equipment.Now its forgotten,but at the time a number of supervisors were angry at me.I thought the matter was important and that the solution was consistent with other new policies,like doing away with assigned parking spaces for highlevel employees.So far we’ve been progressive enough to keep unions out of our company.
问：谈谈你处理过的最难的问题。
答：我被提拔管理一个新的部门。那个部门有一位职员一开始就对我很反感。很快我知道了原因：她的好朋友刚刚从我现在做的职位离开。我当面与她谈这件事；我解释说我也曾让友谊面临考验，因为我与一位朋友工作交往过于密切，我们俩甚至花业余时间谈工作。谈话过后几周，她承认她没有想过与私人朋友工作交往过密潜在的后果。
从那以能，我们把工作关系处理得很恰当。谈这样的问题要说得简练，重点谈你采取的措施和取得的成果，要坦率，为何这样的问题对你来说难以应付？如何保持客观并具有专业水准？
Q:Tell me about the most difficult problem you’ve ever dealt with.
A:I was promoted to manage a new department.A coworker in that group resented me from the beginning.I soon learned that her best friend had been turned down for the position.I actually confronted her about it;I explained that I had once put a friendship to the test because Id worked too closely with someone and we found that we spent our leisure time talking about work.A few weeks after our talk,she admitted that shed never thought about the potential results of working too closely with a personal friend.Our working relationship was fine after that.
问：描述你对问题的处理不满意的一次经历。
答：我想起因为我们曾因没有迅速答复顾客而令他失望。假期中我们的生产能力满足不了客户提出的发送全部定货的要求。最后那位客户要求打折。我觉得我方应该先提出给予折扣，不应等顾客提出。如果我方先提出的话，这件事处理得会好一些。
这个问题集中在应试者的素质水平上。描述你从一个处理不好的问题中看到长期隐患的情形。你有没有采取措施来处理这个问题？
Q:Describe a time when a problem wasnt resolved to your satisfaction.
A:I thought once that wed let a customer down by not responding quickly enough to resolve a problem;our production capacity wasnt sufficient to deliver the customers complete order during the holiday season.That customer ended up asking for a discount,and I thought we should have offered the discount first,without waiting to be asked.The sense of goodwill would have been stronger.
问：谈谈你在没有规则及先例可循的情况下处理问题的经历。
答：我所担任的职务是最近才设置的。我用了一周时间弄清楚创设这个职位的原由。惟有这样，为该工作设立优先权的方法才能更清楚。
没有指导的情况下你能处理问题吗？描述你解决问题的过程，尤其是你采取的步骤和在特定尝试环境下使用的方法。表现出你面对挑战的信心和意志。
Q:Tell me about a time when there was no rule or precedent to help you attack a problem.
A:I was the first employee in a newly created position.I spent the first week developing an understanding of the history that had led to creation of the position.Only then did a method for setting priorities on the job become clear.
问：什么情况下你对作出抉择感到困难？
答：我特别不太擅长解说调查数据，我尽量与调查人员和图书管理员沟通，我需要他们的帮助，而我也在公司副总面前郑重地感谢他们。我们确实是同一个团队的，而且我很谨慎，并没有把公司在太平洋地区出版工业报告归功于自己？
一定要坦诚，什么样的情况会令你难以处理？你会召集哪些人，收集哪些材料来帮助自己作出抉择？
Q:When do you have difficulty making choices?
A:Im not particularly good at interpreting survey data.Ive really worked to get to know our research staff and librarians.I rely on them and am careful to thank them formally in front of my vice president.Were definitely a team,and I’m careful not to take credit for our industry reports,which we publish for the Pacific region of our firm.
问：描述一次机遇，这次机遇让你觉得承担的风险比所得的回报要高。
答：有一次，我们有机会从一家解散了的公司手中购买廉价运输设备。尽管我们知道五年后要对分布的设备进行大检修，但我觉得花钱购买一些五年中闲置的设备不切实际。
如果市场情报能预示在最近两年内有新的廉价商品的话，我会抓住机会的。面试官想看到应试者乐于承担理性的风险而不是干蠢事。举例说明你作出反对某项计划或抉择的理由？如何使结果比原计划处理得更好？
Q:Describe an opportunity in which you felt the risks far outweighed the rewards.
A:At one point we had an opportunity to purchase conveyor equipment at thirty cents on the dollar from a company that had dissolved.Although we anticipated an overhaul of our distribution facility five years down the road,I felt it was too far into the future to spend money only to have idle capacity for a fiveyear period.If market conditions had shown more promise for new sales in the initial twoyear period,I would have gone ahead with it.
问：告诉我一个曾令你对自己的表现感到失望的项目。
答：我以前在一家制造业公司工作时，必须对所有供应商的开价（发盘）作出分析，然后把建议提交给后勤部副部长。由于供应商开价并不统一，我的分析报告通常要对不同的项目作比较，这就令报告显得有点混乱，直到我把报告重新整理并提交给副部长时，我们已经错过了对价格进行审批的关键时刻。事后回想起来，我想我本该采取简单的方法解决问题，而不是把所有的东西都放在一起考虑，把问题复杂化。自那以后，我更加注意及时地提出建议。
描述你工作中遇到的一些阻碍，以及你是怎样尽力去克服它们的。你的技能起到怎样的作用？事后回想起来，你当时该采取什么不同的做法？吸取了什么样的教训？
Q:Tell me about a project in which you were disappointed with your personal performance.
A:In my last job for a manufacturing company, I had to analyze all of the supplier bids and present recommendations to the vice president of logistics. Because the supplier bids werent in a uniform format, my analysis often consisted of comparing dissimilar items. This caused some confusion in my final report, and by the time Id reworked it and presented it to the ice president, we’d lost the critical time we needed to improve our approval process for these bids. In hindsight I should have taken a simpler approach to the problem and not tried to make it so complex or all inclusive. Ever since, Ive paid more attention to making recommendations in a timely manner.
问：请举例说明有一次你被要求完成一项任务，但却没有得到足够的资料，你怎样解决这种问题？
答：在上一次实习期间，我的上司—— 一个主管账目的行政人员，叫我收集好500份宣传稿去邮寄。我不是很确定宣传稿的次序和该往哪里寄，而我的上司已经出去与客户会面了。我担心把资料堆在一块会把次序弄乱，于是想方设法找到她的移动电话。
在电话里她向我详细说明了资料的次序。最后，我设法避免了有可能花费更多的工作时间，并且可能耽搁邮寄时间的错误，更别提一些令人头痛的事情。
虽然这个例子听似很琐碎，但却证明了应聘者的成熟和理性处理工作问题的能力。面试官想弄清楚你是否知道仅仅把工作完成是不够的。你的回答应该表现出你随机应变的能力和积极主动的特质。
Q:Give an example of a time when you were asked to accomplish a task but werent given enough information. How did you resolve this problem.
A:At my last internship, my supervisor, an account executive, asked me to assemble five hundred press kits for a mailing. I wasn’t sure in what order the pages and press releases should go, but my supervisor had already left for a client meeting. Afraid of putting the information together in the wrong order, I managed to track down her cellphone number and called her in her car. She explained the order of the materials over the phone, and in the end I managed to prevent a mistake that would have cost hours of work and a delay in the mailingnot to mention a few headaches.
问：谈谈一次你不能解决的矛盾冲突。
答：有一次，我没能挽留一个在我的制造工厂里干了10年的优秀员工。由于他的工作渐渐需要掌握电脑技术，于是我试着让他进夜校进修，但他却拒绝了。所以除了换掉他之外，我没有其他办法。回想起来，如果我鼓励他和其他员工定期接受技能培训，当他重新上岗时，也许他就不会被淘汰了。现在我很注重鼓励我的员工们参与一些研讨会和课程学习来提高他们自身的工作技能，避免变得落伍。
在这里，最好的方法就是谈一个不是该由你来解决的矛盾冲突。如果必须谈你个人所遇到的矛盾冲突，那就重点谈一下如果时光倒流，你能再做一次的话，你会采取的积极措施及你从这次经历中学到了什么。
Q:Describe a time when you failed to resolve a conflict.
A:I wasnt able to keep a good employee once who’d been in our manufacturing facility for ten years. His job description was rewritten to require computer skills. I offered to send him to night classes, but he refused the help. I had no option but to replace him. In retrospect, if Id encouraged him and other employees to acquire new training periodically, he might not have been overwhelmed by the time his position was reworked. Now Im vigilant about encouraging my group to attend seminars and urses to enhance their job skills and to avoid becoming outdated.
问：如果计划内某些事情出错，你感受如何？怎样去处理？
答：嗯，当然，我宁愿我的计划无论什么时候都能顺利进行。然而，生物技术行业的性质意味着任何的计划在任何时候都有可能发生变化。从一开始我就意识到了这一点，所以每当我遇上这样的事时，我都要努力去克服它。我经常都会预备好候补的计划以防万一，但有时你不可能预先对问题的发生做好准备，直到问题摆在你面前时，你才知道如何去做。我基本上总能从容对付问题。
这个问题很巧妙，但应聘者还是明白了，并已使面试官相信他或她可以不失专业的冷静去应付计划中遇到的挫折。面试官不会直接地问你“你能在压力下工作吗？”尽管这是他或她想知道的。若回答“我不能在压力下工作”，这并不是回答这个问题的最佳方法。
Q:How do you feel when things go wrong with a project? How do you handle it?
A:Well, of course I would prefer that my projects run smoothly at all times. However, the very nature of the biotechnology industry means that many changes can and probably will happen to any plan at any time. I try to realize this from the outset and cross each bridge when I come to it. Often I try to have alternate plans ready to go in case of such an event. But sometimes you can’t prepare for a problem until its right there in front of you. Basically I just take it in stride.
问：一家不履行合约的公司Z-65走后门要求重新签订合同，如果你的经理要求你重新签订，而执行董事会的政策是决定再进行审查，那么你将怎样回复这家公司？
有时候，面试官问一些表面上看是不可能的问题，只是想看看你的反应。他们并不是要让你局促不安，而是要判断你是怎样去对待工作上的压力。不论你当时的感觉如何，被问到这个荒谬的问题也许是个好征兆。如果你被问到一个难以回答的问题时，思考一会儿，然后自信地微笑，但不必道歉，简单地说一说，例如“我不知道，但如果你们聘用了我，我肯定可以为你们找出应付的方法。”
Q:How would you respond to a defaulted form Z65counterderivative renewal request if your manager ordered you to do so, and if the policy under which the executive board resolves such issues were currently under review?
sometimes recruiters ask seemingly impossible questions just to see how you’ll respond.It’s not so much that they want to see you squirm in your seat as that they want to judge how you might respond to pressure or tension on the job.No matter how you may feel at the time,being subjected to a ridiculous question like this one is probably a very good sign.If youre asked a tough question that you simply cant answer,think about it for a few seconds.Then,with a confident smile and without apology,simply say something like“I dont know,but if you hire me,I’ll sure find out for you.”
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